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中美关税谈判迈出重要一步,市场反应积极

2025-05-12

BeiChen Lin, CFA, CPA

BeiChen Lin, CFA, CPA

Senior Investment Strategist, Head of Canadian Strategy




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老子曾说:“千里之行,始于足下。”而今天,中美两国在恢复和重塑双边贸易关系上迈出了一大步。

关税缓和

中美两国在上周末举行了2025年首次正式贸易谈判。5月12日,也就是本周一,双方宣布了谈判结果——美国同意将对中国商品加征的关税从145% 下调至30%,而中方则将其反制关税从125% 下调至10%。这一关税调整为期90天,自5月14日起生效。

这项共识意义重大,对美国通胀的预期冲击幅度将减少一个百分点。

此外,两国同意进行进一步磋商,以缩小美国贸易逆差并应对其他贸易相关问题。

市场上的热烈反响

上述关税谈判结果公布后,市场似乎一片欢腾。截至美国东部时间5月12日上午10:00左右:

  • 标准普尔500指数上涨2.6%
  • 原油上涨3.2%
  • 黄金下跌2.9%
  • 美国10年期国债收益率上涨7个基点

千里之行

尽管目前的关税缓和是重要一步,但它可能只是 “千里之行”的其中一步。虽然中美关税暂时缓和,但美国仍然经历了几十年来有效关税税率的最大增幅(因为针对许多其他贸易伙伴的10%的基准关税依旧有效)。此外,美国与中国及其他国家的贸易发展之路仍可能充满曲折,我们不能完全排除在暂停期结束后关税卷土重来的风险。事实上,在中美“第一阶段”贸易协议签署之前,双方在第一次贸易战期间经历了数次关税加征、削减和再度加征。

目前,我们认为美国经济不确定性仍然很高。在12号的中美谈判结果公布之前,我们估计美国经济在未来一年陷入衰退的风险为40%。而鉴于目前的利好消息,我们可能会在未来几天下调对衰退风险的评估。但即便如此,美国经济衰退的风险在未来的一段时间内仍可能保持在15%至20%这一正常区间之上。在此背景下,我们继续强调构建多元化稳健投资组合以及坚持长期目标的重要性。


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