ESG scores are used for a variety of reasons. "Traditional" ESG scores are not designed to focus on the ESG issues that are relevant to the financial performance of a specific company. Fuel efficiency, for example, has a bigger impact on the bottom line of an airline than it does on an investment bank.

So, rather than adopt a one-size-fits-all approach, Russell Investments has developed a scoring methodology reflecting the materiality of the issues specific to a company and their profitability.