Why downside protection can matter more than upside growth

Editor’s note: This post was originally published on the Russell Investments blog in August 2017. Due to popular demand, we've published an updated version.

Amid ongoing trade tensions and slumping growth worldwide, the global macroeconomics and geopolitical outlook remains highly uncertain - suggesting that an environment of low rates, sluggish growth and high valuations may linger well into 2020. This uncertainty presents a challenge for investors who are looking to generate attractive returns while preserving capital during periods of market volatility, such as what we witnessed this past August.

Against this backdrop, preserving capital may be more important than seeking the growth of capital, i.e. downside protection. It matters, because, in the investing world, losing less means requiring less to bounce back.

In fact, avoiding losses appears to be more important than achieving gains.

The following chart shows the historical returns required to recover after a drawdown.¹ The returns investors need significantly increase as losses deepen after a period of underperformance. For instance, a drawdown of 20% requires a return of 25% to recover, whereas a drawdown of 50% would need 100% to regain ground. This example demonstrates that a dollar of excess return in a down market is worth more than a dollar of excess return in an up market. To achieve long-term growth, it is inherently important to not only grow the upside, but it is arguably even more important to protect the downside.

Source: Russell Investments

As data show, strategies that provide both potential upside and downside protection can help enable investors to weather market changes and stand better chances of outperforming benchmarks. With valuations still at historically high levels, how can investors identify such opportunities? Our answer: Diversification

How diversification may help during times of uncertainty

In recent years, Russell Investments has consistently advocated for investors to consider a global multi-asset approach to investing for a multitude of reasons, chief among them our belief that doing so puts clients on a smoother path toward meeting their goals. While the objectives of multi-asset strategies may vary, some are designed specifically to help provide investors with better downside protection while providing the growth they require. A multi-asset approach can help achieve these goals through three main phases:  

Design
In the design phase of a portfolio, when asset allocations are established, a nuanced asset allocation may help to capture the things in-between core equity and bonds - bank loans, high yield debt, emerging-market local and hard currency debt, mortgage-backed securities, and other alternative strategies - that are not modeled in a traditional 60/40 fixed income and equity allocation. This differentiated approach to diversification is designed to deliver growth, and, perhaps more importantly, to minimise the big downward dips.

Construct
When the portfolio is actually built, we believe a true multi-asset approach applies a wide network of skilled, active money managers who specialise in each asset class. This may be complemented by passive exposures and specific positioning strategies to seek to effectively manage the total portfolio. Spreading such a broad net for manager expertise can help act as an additional layer of diversification to help against downside risk.

Manage
After the portfolio is built, we believe a true multi-asset approach means continuing to dynamically manage that portfolio. This dynamism across asset classes is intended to help manage downside risk and gain exposure to high-conviction investment opportunities. This can include managing a portfolio of physical securities - such as stocks or bonds - or implementing overlay-based strategies such as options, currency forwards and futures.

The bottom line

Combining all these levers, a multi-asset approach can help investors with downside protection.

It’s understandable that so much of the world is chasing growth. Growth is enticing. But we believe savvy investors will focus on what the data tells us. And the data shows that protecting against downside just may get you more bang for your buck.

Any opinion expressed is that of Russell Investments, is not a statement of fact, is subject to change and does not constitute investment advice.